Abstract
The present investigation aims at studying the effectiveness of alkali-assisted ultrasonication on pretreatment of garden biomass (GB). Dry and powdered GB suspended in 1% NaOH was ultrasonicated for 15, 30 and 60 minutes at a frequency of 25 KHZ. The mode of action and effectiveness of alkali-assisted ultrasonication on GB was established through microscopic, scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies. A perusal of results showed that alkali-assisted ultrasonication led to fibrillation of GB which ultimately facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis. The results also indicated that alkali-assisted ultrasonication is an efficient means of pretreatment of GB at moderate (45-50°C) working temperature and low (1%) concentration of alkali. The yield of reducing sugar after enzymatic hydrolysis increased almost six times as compared to control due to alkali-assisted ultrasonication.
Highlights
Lignocellulosic substrates are potential sources for the production of ethanol through microbial intervention because they are abundant, cheap and renewable [1]
Raw materials with good amount of cellulose and hemicelluloses are preferred for cellulosic ethanol production
Effectiveness of alkali concentration and reaction time on enzymatic hydrolysis of garden biomass (GB) Three alkali (NaOH) concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0% (w/v)) were tested against three (15, 30, and 60 minutes) different reaction times to find out the best effective combination (BEC) of alkali concentration and reaction time for enzymatic hydrolysis
Summary
Lignocellulosic substrates are potential sources for the production of ethanol through microbial intervention because they are abundant, cheap and renewable [1]. The process of conversion of lignocelluloses into glucose is through hydrolysis for which the lignin bound to xylan and glucomannan [2,3] is known to be a recalcitrant compound. Pretreatment alters the structure of cellulose and making it more accessible to the enzyme that convert carbohydrate polymer into fermentable sugar [4,5]. The general idea of pretreatment is to increase cellulose accessibility, which can be done by removing or altering hemicelluloses or lignin, decreasing the crystallinity of cellulose and increasing the surface area. The overall conversion of cellulose material into glucose has been hampered mostly by economic problems such as high cost of pretreatment. Cost effective but efficient means of lignocellulosic pretreatment is crucial for viable production of cellulosic ethanol
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