Abstract
The objective of this research is to present a review of the current technologies and pretreatments used in the fermentation of cow, pig and poultry manure. Pretreatment techniques were classified into physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological groups. Various aspects of these different pretreatment approaches are discussed in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of its applicability are highlighted since the effects of pretreatments are complex and generally depend on the characteristics of the animal manure and the operational parameters. Biological pretreatments were shown to improve methane production from animal manure by 74%, chemical pretreatments by 45%, heat pretreatments by 41% and physical pretreatments by 30%. In general, pretreatments improve anaerobic digestion of the lignocellulosic content of animal manure and, therefore, increase methane yield.
Highlights
Excessive organic waste agricultural accumulation, especially animal manure, can be a source of contamination of land, water and air [1]
The objective of this review is to present the foundations and current states of various pretreatments applied to anaerobic digestion of cattle, pig and poultry livestock waste
The application of physical pretreatments had less effect on animal manure. These pretreatments improved anaerobic digestion (AD) by 30%; they were more effective in pig manure, as they improved their production by 39%
Summary
Excessive organic waste agricultural accumulation, especially animal manure, can be a source of contamination of land, water and air [1]. Manure has some limitations, since it has a low C/N ratio, little volatile solids (VS) and many materials of difficult degradability, such as lignocellulosic biomass making biogas production unsatisfactory [3,4,5,6]. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass residues, mainly from agricultural waste, municipal waste, animal manure, etc., into biofuels is very complex [14] In many of these residues, lignin is usually the material that causes the most inconvenience in digestion [15]. Some pretreatments contribute to hemicellulose removal and lignin from the substrate; this elimination increases the accessibility to cellulose, facilitating the degradation process [21] For these reasons, the development of new technologies and various methods for biomass pretreatment continue. The composition of the lignocellulosic material is described, giving an overview of its incidence in the hydrolysis phase of the AD process
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