Pretransition Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Model Calculations

Abstract

Abstract Calculations of the properties of some lattice models and continuum models of a hard rod liquid with and without attractive energies are presented. The theory is of the “molecular field” variety in that short-range-order is neglected. Both the long-range-order parameter and the density are varied to obtain the state of minimum Gibbs free energy at given pressures and temperatures. Among the properties reported are expansivity, compressibility and specific heat. Each of these displays pretransition effects qualitatively similar to those seen on the low temperature side of nematic liquid crystal-isotropic liquid phase transitions. There are important quantitative discrepancies however. It appears that the discrepancies are due more to the approximate nature of solutions than to the idealizations of the models. The “near critical” nature of liquid crystal phase transitions cannot be well described in terms of long-range-order alone. One gross error of the hard-rod models can, however, be remedied. T...