Abstract
Background:Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) occurs secondary to infection with Histoplasma Capsulatum (HC), which is an endemic organism in many tropical areas, especially in the United States. However, it has never been proven that HC directly causes POHS, hence the name presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Patients are usually asymptomatic, but some may present with blurring of central vision. Case Report:A 15-year-old girl, previously healthy, presented with a 2-months history of visual disturbance of the right eye. On physical examination, the visual acuity of the left eye was 20/20 while the right eye was only seeing “hand motion”. Fundus exam of the right eye showed juxtapapillary infiltrates with serous macular detachment, and small retinal and choroidal lesions, while the left eye showed only some small retinal and choroidal lesions. Fluorescein angiography of both eyes showed evidence of chorioretinitis with probable choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The diagnosis of POHS was made and the patient was treated with bevacizumab injections. Follow-up was done clinically and through spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and showed marked improvement at the level of the macular thickness and CNV. Conclusion: Diagnosing POHS can be quite challenging, especially in cases coming from non-endemic areas. Our case emphasizes the importance of considering POHS in patients presenting with visual disturbance, even in these non-endemic areas, through a careful clinical evaluation and appropriate imaging modalities.
Highlights
Histoplasmosis is a known endemic fungus in the United States, commonly found around the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys [1]
Diagnosing Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) can be quite challenging, especially in cases coming from non-endemic areas
Our case emphasizes the importance of considering POHS in patients presenting with visual disturbance, even in these non-endemic areas, through a careful clinical evaluation and appropriate imaging modalities
Summary
POHS is an uncommon but potentially serious condition, that is often asymptomatic at presentation in most cases, and typically affects patients in endemic areas. This condition can be seen in non-endemic areas as well, as described in our case. This makes the diagnosis even more challenging. A careful clinical evaluation is crucial to the diagnosis of such cases and to provide the appropriate treatment
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