Abstract
The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is of great importance for the formulation of human rights standards as it applies the European Convention on Human Rights by interpreting the prescribed rights and freedoms taking into account social reality and legal regulation in Council of Europe member states. When joining this political organization the Republic of Serbia carried out the procedures of adjusting the legislation to the convention requirements, so that, in normative sense, Serbian family law systematically follows modern standards of human rights protection. The decisions of the Court in cases in which the issues of establishing paternity was applied by DNA analysis are conditioned by the circumstances of each individual case. In this paper reasearch is devoted to the two judgments of the European Court of Human Rights versus Republic of Serbia on determining the origin of the child from the father judgments that have a family law in the narrow sense in which Court took the position that domestic legislation did not take into account the relevant elements of the case, the possibility to establish a balance of relevant interests when determing the identity of the biological father regarding DNA analysis. By definition genetic testing implies the analysis of one genome and its products, its function or DNA or chromosomal analysis aimed at identifying or contradicting certain facts. This method involves comparing the DNA profile of a child with DNA profile of the potential father by comparing locus - specific gene location or DNA region on chromosome - which differ in their structure and length, so that non-blood person have different structure of the molecule in each analyzed locus, while biological relatives have the same structure. This means that their DNA profiles have visible traces of genetic heritage. Although every person has a vital interest in finding out information that complete his/her own knowledge of his/her background it is important to know that third party protection can prevent him/her from being forced into medical testing of any kind, including DNA analysis. Member States have different solutions to deal with in cases where a potential father refuses to undergo tests necessary to establish facts of a biological origin. In some jurisdictions non-compliance with medical testing is sanctioned by monetary or imprisonment penalty, while in others it is for the failure to act on a warrant the court activates the presumption of paternity. When paternity cannot be determined by DNA analysis, Member States must provide the determination of paternity by alternative means of evidence taking into account the existence of a fair balance between the right to know the origin and the right of potential father not to undergo this type of medical expertise.
Highlights
Prilikom odlučivanja u paternitetskim parnicama redovno se javlja dilema oko činjenica koje nije lako dokazati, poput polnih odnosa i začeća, pa imajući u vidu da apsolutno pouzdano dokazno sredstvo, koje bi na nesumnjiv način otklonilo dilemu s tim u vezi, ne postoji, tako i veštačenje DNK otiska ne bi trebalo biti od odlučnog značaja za uspostavljanje pravne veze između deteta i muškarca čije se očinstvo utvrđuje, jer može predstavljati opasnost po pravo na integritet i nepovredivost ljudskog dostojanstva i pravo na privatni život, zbog čega, u okvirima nacionalnog prava posmatrano, presudnu važnost imaju važeće društvene vrednosti u postojećoj legislativi
This method involves comparing the DNA profile of a child with DNA profile of the potential father by comparing locus – specific gene location or DNA region on chromosome – which differ in their structure and length, so that non-blood person have different structure of the molecule in each analyzed locus, while biological relatives have the same structure
Summary
Cilj testiranja putem DNK analize jeste utvrđivanje ili osporavanje određenih činjenica (Bukvić, 2005, pp. 38 i dalje) na taj način što analitičari DNK testova pronalaze. Prilikom odlučivanja u paternitetskim parnicama redovno se javlja dilema oko činjenica koje nije lako dokazati, poput polnih odnosa i začeća, pa imajući u vidu da apsolutno pouzdano dokazno sredstvo, koje bi na nesumnjiv način otklonilo dilemu s tim u vezi, ne postoji, tako i veštačenje DNK otiska ne bi trebalo biti od odlučnog značaja za uspostavljanje pravne veze između deteta i muškarca čije se očinstvo utvrđuje, jer može predstavljati opasnost po pravo na integritet i nepovredivost ljudskog dostojanstva i pravo na privatni život, zbog čega, u okvirima nacionalnog prava posmatrano, presudnu važnost imaju važeće društvene vrednosti u postojećoj legislativi. Kada u parnici biološki otac osporava bračno očinstvo muža majke i istom tužbom ističe zahtev za utvrđivanje sopstvenog očinstva, veštačenje DNK otiska je poželjno, iako se na taj način relativizuje zakonska pretpostavka o očinstvu muža majke i favorizuje biološka istina o poreklu deteta i interes biološkog oca da postane otac u pravnom smislu, kako je navedeno u obrazloženju presude Vrhovnog kasacionog suda Srbije, Rev. 967/11, od 6. Važan element u tom procesu je unapređenje dosadašnje sudske prakse, pa je u tu svrhu uputno razmatranje prakse sudova u ovoj oblasti u pravnim sistemima u kojima postoje sankcije, poput nemačkog, švedskog, finskog, grčkog prava (Pejak-Prokeš & Veselinović, 2018, p. 301)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
