Abstract
As a method of studying the mechanism of fracture, the electron-microscopic examination of fracture surfaces by means of replicas has proved to be very useful. This work has been undertaken to examine by this method the submicroscopic structure of tensile fracture surfaces of pure chromium as recrystallized or prestrained under several conditions. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Specimens as recrystallized: The fracture surface consists of flat cleavages and cleavage steps. The cleavage steps are rather small in their density and some of them are presumed to be due to secondary cleavage. (2) Specimens slightly prestrained: The density of cleavage steps increases and they form “river patterns”. (3) Properly prestrained and ductile specimens: The three following kind of fracture surfaces are found in mixture. Type-A: Comparatively flat smooth surface. Type-B: Surface covered by shallow dimples. Type-C: Rough surface consisting of numerous, submicroscopic unit cleavage facets. (4) Overprestrained specimens: The fracture surface is composed of cleavage surfaces entirely covered by well-developed river patterns. (5) Specimens properly prestrained and annealed: The fracture surface is composed of ductile regions which are similar to Type-A surface in (3) and brittle ones which are just like the brittle cleavages in (4). Based upon the above observations, discussion have been made about the mechanism of ductile and brittle fracture in pure chromium.
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