Abstract
Cannabinoids have gained significant interest as they may have pharmaceutical and nutritional applications to treat various diseases (sclerosis, glaucoma, and epilepsy, among others). Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been studied recently as a source of cannabinoids, given the low concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol and comparatively high concentration of cannabidiol. Most of the plant’s fractions are used (blossoms, stem, and seeds), but the processing of the blossom leaves a residue, threshing residues, which could still be used to extract cannabinoids, aiming for an integral usage of the plant. Different technologies have been applied for cannabinoid extraction. Among these, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) stands out due to the ease of application and efficiency. This work evaluates the influence of temperature, pressure, extraction time, and the number of cycles for the PLE of cannabinoids from hemp threshing residues using ethanol. Results show that low pressures, 100 °C, and 60 min are sufficient to achieve extraction yields of 19.8 mg of cannabidiol per g of dry hemp, which corresponds to an extraction efficiency of 99.3%. These results show this technology’s potential for cannabinoid extraction (mainly cannabidiol) and further open the perspective to valorize the residues and other parts of hemp plants.
Highlights
Over the last few years, industry and research have been pushed to develop sustainable production processes that focus on ecological, economic, and social factors, given the urgency of switching our economy from fossil-based to bio-based [1]
Carotenoids, curcuminoids, and cannabinoids are some examples of compounds that have been investigated for their bioactive applications [4,5,6,7]
This work showed the evaluation of the different variables associated with the Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of cannabinoids, mainly CBD, from C. sativa threshing residues, and the respective evaluation at different volumes
Summary
Over the last few years, industry and research have been pushed to develop sustainable production processes that focus on ecological, economic, and social factors, given the urgency of switching our economy from fossil-based to bio-based [1]. This switch implicates developing processes focused on energy production and daily-life products. Among this wide variety of products, bioactive compounds have applications in pharmaceutics, health, and cosmetics, leading to an increasing interest in their use. Within the group of phenolic compounds, resveratrol, quercetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, dihydrochalcones, and lignin are examples of the considerable number of bioactive compounds currently being studied [8,9,10]
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