Pressure Vessels under External Pressure

Abstract

This paper commences by describing the different modes of failure of submarine pressure hulls under external hydrostatic pressure. The importance of attempting to conquer the oceans' bottoms is also described. The paper then gives a brief history of the development of submarines and this is followed by descriptions of novel submarine pressure hulls and modem structural materials, which will enable large structures to dive to great depths, not achieved at present; both commercial and military applications of submarines are considered. Finally, the noise and vibration of submarines are looked at, and the author shows how noise can be reduced to create a stealth submarine, powered by a quiet fuel cell.