Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk factors with occurrence of pressure ulcers in institutionalized elderly people. Method: This cross-sectional, analytical study, in quantitative approach, performed from the database analysis linked to the project “Pressure Ulcer in institutionalized elderly people: Association of incidence with the risk factors to functional and nutritional assessment” developed in six long-stay institutions for the elderly people in João Pessoa. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Associations were made through chi square test and Odds Ratio. Results: The clinical conditions of significant associations with the occurrence of pressure ulcers were the variables neurological disorders (p = 0.011) and visual impairment (p = 0.005). As for risk factors, the most important was fecal incontinence (p < 0.001), urinary incontinence (p < 0.001), cognitive impairment (p = 0.007) and physical limitation (p < 0.001). The chance for the occurrence of injury was nine times higher for elderly people with physical limitations and about three times higher among those who use diapers. Conclusion: The analysis of the associations pointed out problems that require intervention in order to prevent health implications of the elderly people and to minimize the risk and occurrence of this injury.
Highlights
Population aging has attracted attention in the scientific community, as it represents the basis for reversing the Brazilian age pyramid
The results of research carried out in three cities in Brazil evidenced by logistic regression analysis (r = 0.311) that the female was predictive of the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in elderly people of Long Term Care Institutions (LTCI) [13]
Significant results were found for the variables neurological disease, abnormal vision, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, cognitive impairment and physical limitations
Summary
Population aging has attracted attention in the scientific community, as it represents the basis for reversing the Brazilian age pyramid. The situation of irreversible vulnerability promotes functional dependence of the individual, which becomes a cause for concern in family life It is the need for constant care that causes the search for institutionalization of elderly people for the absence of family, or abandonment, lack of financial resources or the imposition of the capitalist world that enslaves the time availability of the company, making it impossible to offer care [1]. This scenario contributes to increase in demand for places in Long Term Care Institutions (LTCI), formerly asylums. These constitute governmental or nongovernmental institutions are responsible for the care of dependent or independent elderly person [2] [3]
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