Pressure injury: incidence in critical units of a regional hospital

Stefany Silva,Maiara Macedo,Laudice Oliveira,Josicélia Batista,Patrícia Pires,Jocélio Amaral

doi:10.30886/estima.v16.655_in

Abstract

Objectives: Measuring the incidence of pressure injury (PI) in users hospitalized in critical units of a public reference institution in southwestern Bahia. Method: Prospective longitudinal study. Data were collected between June and August of 2017, through a direct interview, medical records, medical prescription and inspection of the participant’s skin. Results: Of the 83 participants, 39 (47%) developed PI. The medium stay in the study was 6.8 days. Most of them were male, black or brown and had low schooling. The mean age was 47.6 years (± 19.8). It was evidenced that the continuous use of vasoactive drugs and sedoanalgesia is associated with PI. Thirty- two (38.55%) participants presented a high risk for PI development. The calcaneal region (44%) was the most aﬀected. The number of lesions per participant was 1.28, on average, with lesions in stage 1 (68%) predominating. The occurrence of an unfavorable outcome (death) was statistically signiﬁcant. Conclusion: The multifactorial character of the emergence of PI requires the adoption of institutional measures focused on the prevention of this adverse event, and should be part of the process of permanent education of professionals.

Highlights

Pressure injuries (PI) are de ned as “localized damage to the underlying skin and/or soft tissues, usually on a bone prominence or related to the use of a medical device or another artifact “1
The occurrence of PI varies according to the clinical conditions of the individuals and the environment where they are inserted, especially those who need a prolonged period of hospitalization
To measure the incidence of PI in users hospitalized in critical units of a public reference institution in southwestern Bahia (Brazil)

Summary

Introduction

Pressure injuries (PI) are de ned as “localized damage to the underlying skin and/or soft tissues, usually on a bone prominence or related to the use of a medical device or another artifact “1. PIs have been highlighted as a public health problem because they are one of the main adverse events related to care in health units and institutions. The occurrence of PI varies according to the clinical conditions of the individuals and the environment where they are inserted, especially those who need a prolonged period of hospitalization. Individuals usually present a severe clinical picture, associated with mobility restriction, loss of muscle mass and a longer period of hospitalization, and are still subjected to multiple therapeutic interventions, and such factors make them more susceptible to the onset of the injury[3]

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