Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an experimentally-induced canine model of left ventricular hypertrophy through banding of the ascending aorta using nylon ties. Seven clinically normal dogs free of cardiovascular disease were used. Nylon tie was used in banding the mid-ascending aorta. Clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic evaluations were done at 1.5, 3 and 6 months. Dogs were euthanized at 6 months for post mortem and histopathological evaluation. Clinically, dogs did not exhibit any signs of cardiovascular disease at 1.5 or 3 months, while at 6 months two dogs (28.6 %) exhibited mild weight loss, exercise intolerance and heart murmurs. Radiographic evaluation revealed significant increase in cardiac size only at 6 months based on measurement of the cardiothoracic area evaluation. Echocardiography revealed increased left ventricular wall thickness starting from 1.5 month, although this increase was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months (p > 0.05). Left ventricular hypertrophy was confirmed by post mortem examination. Histopathological sections of left ventricle in all dogs demonstrated myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. This model simulates the naturally occurring ventricular hypertrophy using a rapid and economic technique. Such models are required to understand pathogenesis of heart disease and to develop effective treatment strategy.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide (Zaragoza et al, 2011; Heron & Anderson, 2016; Van Dyke et al, 2018)
Left ventricular hypertrophy usually results from an increased ventricular work load which is compensated by ventricular dilatation and/or hypertrophy, but this does not result in heart failure until the compensatory response fail to meet the metabolic demands of the body (Shenasa & Shenasa, 2017; Geske, Ommen, & Gersh, 2018)
Thoracic radiographs obtained at 1.5 months after banding of the ascending aorta did not reveal a remarkable change in size of the heart while at 3 months following aortic banding a non-significant increase in the heart size based on cardiothoracic area measurement (CTR)
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide (Zaragoza et al, 2011; Heron & Anderson, 2016; Van Dyke et al, 2018). Several animal models have been developed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the pathophysiological features of left ventricular hypertrophy in order to establish potential treatment strategies (Hess et al, 1984; Marano & Ferrari, 2007; Powers & Recchia, 2018).These models usually based on increasing the ventricular work out and induce left ventricular hypertrophy including rapid cardiac pacing, pressure overload, volume overload and valvular stenosis or insufficiencies (Hess et al, 1984; Marano & Ferrari, 2007; You et al, 2018)
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