Pressure effect on forsterite dislocation slip systems: Implications for upper-mantle LPO and low viscosity zone

Abstract

In order to better constrained the effect of pressure ( P) on olivine dislocation slip-system activities, deformation experiments were carried out in a Deformation-DIA apparatus (D-DIA) on pure forsterite (Fo100) single crystals, at P ⩾ 5.7 GPa, temperature T ∼ 1675 K, differential stress σ < 350 MPa and in water-poor conditions. Constant σ and specimen strain rates ( ε ˙ ) were monitored in situ by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and radiography, respectively. Two compression directions were tested, promoting either [1 0 0] slip or [0 0 1] slip in (0 1 0) crystallographic plane. Comparison of the obtained high- P rheological data with room- P data previously reported by Darot and Gueguen (1981) shows that [1 0 0] slip is strongly inhibited by pressure while [0 0 1] slip is virtually P insensitive. This translates in creep power laws into a high activation volume V a ∗ = 15 ± 3 cm 3 / mol for [1 0 0](0 1 0) slip system, and V c ∗ = 0 ± 1.2 cm 3 / mol for [0 0 1](0 1 0) slip system. Using these laws along geotherms at natural σ condition shows that the [1 0 0] slip/[0 0 1] slip transition may occur at ∼200 km depth in the upper mantle, and be responsible for the observed lattice preferred orientation (LPO) transition. A rheological law for polycrystalline forsterite is deduced from the single-crystal rheological laws, assuming that individual grains are randomly oriented in the aggregate. Applying the aggregate law within a 2D geodynamic model of upper-mantle couette flow suggests that the pressure dependence of olivine dislocation-slip activities may partly explain the low viscosity zone (LVZ) observed underneath oceanic plates.