Abstract

The use of forward osmosis (FO) is of growing interest for water desalination due to its potential energy savings. However, its industrial implementation is still limited by its current limitation in performance in terms of water permeation and reverse salt diffusion, mainly due to the membrane properties. Pressure-assisted osmosis is a new concept, aiming at pressurising the feed solution to enhance water permeation through synergistic osmotic and hydraulic driving forces that have demonstrated promising results in tackling current limitations of FO.

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