Abstract
A process has been developed to press fuel briquettes from autumn leaves. It has been shown that a spherical shape of a briquette is optimal since even dense packing of balls provides air access to each individual ball. This is especially important in the initial phase of burning when briquettes touch each other and gain a certain temperature, because of the quality of burning increases. The technology of briquette pressing has been devised. We studied dispersion of particles of dry leaves of nutwood, maple, and oak after grinding and found that particle size distribution of powders of different leaves is not the same, and their bulk density is proportional to size with the highest content.A new method for pressing briquettes in a round closed matrix has been proposed. The difference of the method is in the fact that the process takes place at the creation of a scheme of all-embracing uniform compression with a spherical application of force and obtaining of a ball-shaped briquette in the final phase. The method makes it possible to compress ground leaves radially and evenly and thereby to ensure equal burning conditions for a briquette in a radial direction from any point on the periphery. We derived a mathematical model of the dependence of the density of dry briquettes on the bulk density of ground leaves and the degree of compression of a briquette. It has been shown that the bulk density of ground leaves (65 %) has the greatest influence on the density of dry briquettes. An increase in the bulk density of ground leaves leads to an increase in the density of dry briquettes. The influence of the degree of compression of a briquette is much smaller (35 %) but it is significant. Its increase leads to an increase in the density of dry briquettes. The density of dry briquettes was from 0.67 to 1.07 g/cm3 during studies. We proposed a design of a round closed matrix with a variable wall thickness, which makes it possible to reduce its metal consumption and cost by 20‒30 %. It has been shown that it is expedient to use spherical briquettes of leaves as an alternative environmentally friendly fuel
Highlights
Autumn leaves can burn as the gluten-containing substance
One should consider rp bulk density of ground leaves as the main controlling factor
We proposed a spherical shape of a briquette as the most optimal one to improve the quality of burning, in particular in the initial phase, since even tight packing of balls provides access of air to each individual ball
Summary
Autumn leaves can burn as the gluten-containing substance. one can consider them as an alternative energy source with great potential. The European Union is urging Member States of Energy Cooperation to increase a share of renewable energy sources by 20 % by 2020 through the relevant directive [1]. Ukraine takes it positively in gene ral [2]. We almost do not use this raw material in Ukraine at present. They take thousands of tons of autumn leaves away from urban parks and squares to landfills where they rot, emit odors, burrow into the ground, or burn in fires, which violate certain environmental regulations. One should pay particular attention to the use of autumn leaves as biofuel, as a cheap raw material for the production of fuel briquettes
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