Abstract
Vocalization (bleat, moo, bellow, and squeal) during handling or restraint in pigs and cattle is associated with both aversive events and physiological measures of stress in both cattle and pigs. Animals will move through alleys, races, and other equipment more easily by eliminating distractions such as shadows, reflections, seeing people up ahead, air drafts blowing toward approaching animals, and hoses lying on the floor. Handlers should move small groups of animals and fill the forcing pen that leads to the single-file race half full. It is essential that handlers understand behavioral principles.
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