Preserved features of thalamocortical projection neuron dendritic architecture in the somatosensory thalamus of the rat, cat and macaque

Abstract

A number of studies have shown that the organization of the mammalian somatosensory thalamus varies between species. As differences in cellular and synaptic thalamic organization would be expected to influence neuronal dendritic architecture, we compared somatosensory thalamocortical projection (TCP) neurons from the rat, cat and macaque. The results show that key features of the dendritic branching pattern remain unchanged despite large differences in the size of TCP neurons between the species. The features examined were: (i) ratio of the length of terminal branches to the lenght of the entire dendritic tree; (ii) the percentage of branch points that gave rise to two daughter branches as opposed to those that gave rise to three or more daughter branches; (iii) the proportional sum of absolute deviations (a measure of branching symmetry), and (iv) the mean branch order of the terminal segments. The present study provides evidence that somatosensory TCP neurons in these species comprise a homogeneous class and share a common dendritic architecture that is conserved across species despite changes in other aspects of thalamic circuitry. This suggests that TCP neuronal form is based on relatively stable genetic blueprint and that epigenetic factors (e.g. synaptic input) resulting from evolutionary changes in thalamic organization have had less influence on dendritic architecture.