Abstract
In the current research, a new cichoric acid (CA) encapsulation system was investigated. The optimal condition for the formation of lactoferrin-cichoric acid nanoparticles (LF-CA NPs) was determined by controlling the solution pH, the thermal treatment conditions, and the concentration of CA. Fluorescence indicated that the electrostatic force and the hydrophobic force were the main forces in the formation of LF-CA NPs. LF-CA NPs prepared under different conditions were spherical in shape with smaller particle sizes and good zeta potential demonstrating good colloidal stability. Especially, the prepared particle size of the LF-CA NPs at pH 7 and 95 °C was about 67.20 ± 1.86 nm. The circular dichroism (CD) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the combination of LF (lactoferrin) and CA affected the secondary structure of the LF. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the addition of CA increased the thermal stability of LF. In vitro antioxidant experiments confirmed the antioxidant capacity of LF-CA NPs was better than CA. CA was successfully encapsulated into LF NPs with high encapsulated efficiency (97.87–99.87%) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results showed that LF could be used as the wall material of CA with excellent nature.
Highlights
Cichoric acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, is an antioxidant in edible plants
Based on the above studies, we found that LF has antioxidant capacity, and can be used in the construction of nanoparticle delivery systems
With the increase of cichoric acid (CA) concentration, the maximum emission wavelength of LF was shifted to the long wave direction, indicating that the interaction between LF and CA resulted in the change of the tryptophan environment of LF and the increase of hydrophilicity
Summary
CA has been shown to have numerous health-promoting effects, such as scavenge free radicals and antioxidant [1,2,3,4], antiviral [5], and anti-inflammatory properties [6]. The delivery system can physically or chemically interact with functional factors and expressively improve the physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that LF can be applied as a carrier of gambogic acid to prepare LF-gambogic acid nanoparticles, the results of vivo experiments in mice proved that LF-gambogic acid nanoparticles is an effective method for the oral delivery of gambogic acid [17]. Based on the above studies, we found that LF has antioxidant capacity, and can be used in the construction of nanoparticle delivery systems. We determined the properties and antioxidant properties of the constructed LF-CA NPs, providing a reference for synergistic antioxidant research between proteins and polyphenols and new ideas for our further research to promote the absorption of CA in vivo
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