Abstract
Water contamination is one of the important challenges and problems of the world and Iran. One of the main causes of disease and mortality in the world is water contamination. Surface and ground waters are both subject to different contaminants. Considering the nature, origin of entrance of the pollutants, being natural or man-made, various classifications have been considered for contaminants. The major organic contaminants of water include agricultural, chemical, oil, and food contaminants. Each of these four groups has subcriteria. In this research, accurate investigation, identification, and ranking of water contaminants it all oil and petrochemical industries (urban area of Tehran province) have been dealt with using factor analysis and analytical network process methods. The results of factor analysis method suggest that the contaminants of nitrate, sodium, and TDH claimed the highest score by experts of environment in the field of water contamination. Furthermore, the results of analytical network process showed that agricultural contaminants with the weight of 0.321 stood in the first rank, while oil contaminants with the weight of 0.152 ranked the fourth.
Highlights
Today as the demand market has become something central, it has resulted in development of the significance of supply chain such that it has changed into one of the vital instruments in commercial competitions
The aim is identification and prioritization of industrial contaminants in water which lies at level I. the production industries which include food industries, chemical industries, agriculture industries, and oil industries in two petrochemical and refineries of the oil in Tehran have been shown at Level II, which are in the form of nitrate (NO3), nitride (N3-), and ammonium (NH3) present in food industries, phosphate (PO4), sulfate (SO4), and chloride (Cl-) present in chemical industries, phenol (C6H5OH), sulfide (H2S), oil, mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) present in oil industries, and nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH3), phosphate (PO4), and chloride (Cl-) present in agricultural industries, which are considered as subcriteria
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), COD, TDS, and TSS which are known as comparative evaluation indices of contaminants across all production industries are considered as the subcriteria at Level III
Summary
Today as the demand market has become something central, it has resulted in development of the significance of supply chain such that it has changed into one of the vital instruments in commercial competitions. According to the background and interview with experts, the criteria effective in the evaluation process have been developed as the steps presented in the research according to Fig. 1 In this model, the aim is identification and prioritization of industrial contaminants in water (wastewater) which lies at level I. the production industries which include food industries, chemical industries, agriculture industries, and oil industries in two petrochemical and refineries of the oil in Tehran have been shown at Level II, which are in the form of nitrate (NO3), nitride (N3-), and ammonium (NH3) present in food industries, phosphate (PO4), sulfate (SO4), and chloride (Cl-) present in chemical industries, phenol (C6H5OH), sulfide (H2S), oil, mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) present in oil industries, and nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH3), phosphate (PO4), and chloride (Cl-) present in agricultural industries, which are considered as subcriteria. The difference between TDS and TSS lies in the fact that in TSS the particles cannot pass through a filter with a 2-micron scale and remain suspended in the solution for an unknown time (Mulberry et al, 2010)
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