Abstract
The world’s tides are a result of the combined forces of celestial forces and centrifugal force exerted by the Earth‑Moon and the Sun acting on the water body, earth tides and the atmospheric tides. Harmonic analysis is the most popular and widely accepted method used for the processing and expression of tidal behavior as well as its characteristics. Despite its strengths, harmonic analysis has a few drawbacks when short data are involved for long term‑prediction. However, to enhance the accuracy of the popular methodology of harmonic analysis (HA), this study presents a wavelet‑based harmonic model for tidal analysis and prediction. Six months of water level heights at four tide gauge stations in Sabah and Sarawak of Malaysia were employed. The results obtained agrees with the original data when a comparison was made. The root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) are the statistical index tools applied to test the functioning of the model. The residual error is the deviation between the original data and the predicted data which was also computed in this study. The new wavelet‑based harmonic model improves the accuracy of prediction. Moreover, the model is efficient and feasible for tidal analysis and prediction.
Highlights
The safe and effective usage of waters in coastal areas depends solidly on ac‐ curate observation and prediction [1]
Tides are formed as a result of the response of the water body to the com‐ bined effects of the gravitational force of the sun and moon acting on the earth body, the resultant of earth translation which forms the centrifugal force around the center of gravity of the earth‐moon and earth‐sun system and the horizontal constituent of the earth, moon, and the sun [4, 5]
To improve the accuracy and ameliorate the limitation of harmonic analysis, in this study wavelet‐based harmonic analysis (WBH) is intro‐ duced to estimate accurately the tidal harmonic constituent with at least a six‐month sea level time series at its disposal to make a longer prediction of six months, one year or even longer
Summary
The safe and effective usage of waters in coastal areas depends solidly on ac‐ curate observation and prediction [1]. The need for a time span of 18.6 years of sea water level data or longer to estimate the harmon‐ ic constituent when the harmonic analysis method is involved remains the major drawback of popular classical harmonic analysis [12]. To improve the accuracy and ameliorate the limitation of harmonic analysis, in this study wavelet‐based harmonic analysis (WBH) is intro‐ duced to estimate accurately the tidal harmonic constituent with at least a six‐month sea level time series at its disposal to make a longer prediction of six months, one year or even longer. This study introduces a new novel wavelet‐based harmonic model (WBH) for tidal analysis and prediction in which the astronomical frequencies are adopted to estimate the tidal constituent (am‐ plitude and phase angle) for accurate tidal level predictions in both the short and long‐term. A brief introduction of harmonic analysis will be presented as well as wavelet transformation
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