Presentation and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients at a western centre

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study examines the presentation and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at a Western centre over the last decade. MethodsBetween January 2000 and September 2009, 1010 patients with HCC were evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Retrospectively, four treatment groups were classified: no treatment (NT), systemic therapy (ST), hepatic artery-based therapy (HAT) and surgical intervention (SI) including radiofrequency ablation, hepatic resection and transplantation. Kaplan–Meier analysis assessed survival between groups. Cox regression analysis identified factors predicting survival. ResultsPatients evaluated were 75% male, 87% Caucasian, 84% cirrhotic, and predominantly diagnosed with hepatitis C. In all, 169 patients (16.5%) received NT, 25 (2.4%) received ST, 529 (51.6%) received HAT and 302 (29.5%) received SI. Median survival was 3.6, 5.6, 8.8, and 83.5 months with NT, ST, HAT and SI, respectively (P= 0.001). Transplantation increased from 9.5% to 14.2% after the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) criteria granted HCC patients priority points. Survival was unaffected by bridging transplantation with HAT or SI (P= 0.111). On multivariate analysis, treatment modality was a robust predictor of survival after adjusting for age, gender, AFP, Child–Pugh classification and cirrhosis (P < 0.001, χ2= 460). DiscussionMost patients were not surgical candidates and received HAT alone. Surgical intervention, especially transplantation, yields the best survival.