Abstract
The modern state of desert pastures of the Central Kyzylkum has been studied. The pasture territories of the Central Kyzylkum are distributed on sandy soils (14%), salt marshes (6%), gravellyloamy gray-brown soils (75%) and riparian nature-territorial complexes (5%). The main (75%) areas of pasture are occupied by the gravelly-loamy gray-brown soils which are dominated by species of sagebrushes. There are formed of 8 pasture types depending on the properties of natural complexes. The main type of pasture is sagebrushes (Mixto artemisieta), which occupy 60% of the pasture area, and then follow Peganeta harmala, Mixto calligoneta, Halocnemeta strobilacei, Tamariceta varia, Haloxyleta aphylli, Convolvuleta hamadae and Mixshrubs pasture types. The share of fodder plants is high (an average of 83%) in the flora of the study area. According to seasonal grazing, pastures of the Central Kyzylkum can be divided 5 groups: year-round, spring, spring-summer, autumn-winter and unsuitable pastures for grazing. Among them are prevail year-round grazing pastures. The numbers of annual plants and abundance venomous plants in the flora are indicators of pasture degradation in the study area. Annual plants may occupy 55% of composition of plant communities on degraded sites, besides the pasture types which formed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In Central Kyzylkum newly formed and transformed pasture types occupy 25% of pastures.
Highlights
Extensive natural desert pastures are main area of development in the Union of Independent States (UIS) coun-How to cite this paper: Bekhzod, A., Tashkhonim, R., Nodira, R., Rano, A., Mirqosim, S. and Yusuf, V. (2016) Present State of Pasture Types of the Central Kyzylkum
This paper presents the current state of pastures of the Central Kyzylkum, the characteristic of pasture types and shows indicators degradation
The area of salt marshes and riparian forests is low (5% - 6%) and they are considered as a new map-units, which are not registered in the reference map of the study area in 1995 year
Summary
Extensive natural desert pastures are main area of development in the Union of Independent States (UIS) coun-How to cite this paper: Bekhzod, A., Tashkhonim, R., Nodira, R., Rano, A., Mirqosim, S. and Yusuf, V. (2016) Present State of Pasture Types of the Central Kyzylkum. Extensive natural desert pastures are main area of development in the Union of Independent States (UIS) coun-. (2016) Present State of Pasture Types of the Central Kyzylkum. The total area of desert pastures in the Union of Independent States (UIS) is about 180 million hectares and is used all year round thanks to the presence of natural fodder. Natural desert pastures in Turkmenistan are 95% and Kazakhstan—89% of the total agricultural land. This figure is 84% in Uzbekistan and its territory is fully located on the territory of the Kyzylkum desert [1] [2]. In the countries of Central Asia, the Kyzylkum desert provides valuable forage for livestock. The flora Kyzylkum is estimated about 1050 species and the fodder flora consists of no less than 908 species (86%) [3] [4]
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