Abstract
Evidence directly supporting an association between Salmonella infection and colorectal cancer in human subjects is sparse. It has been well recognized that Salmonella infection increases the risk of gallbladder cancer. AvrA, a bacterial protein from Salmonella enterica, plays a crucial role in establishing chronic infection. To our knowledge, the presence of the bacterial AvrA has never been studied in human samples. Here, we demonstrated the presence and cellular localization of AvrA in inflamed, colorectal tumor and its precursor lesions, using both animal experimental infection models and human clinical specimens. We performed a newly developed AvrA serological assay and to determine the presence of anti-Salmonella AvrA antibody in chronic infected mouse serum samples. Further, we tested the presence of AvrA gene in healthy human fecal samples, in order to advance etiological studies of Salmonella AvrA in human population. Our study suggests a potential role of this bacterial protein in human colorectal cancer. Moreover, our new serological assay may serve a useful tool to identify individuals at increased risk for colorectal cancer.
Highlights
The gastrointestinal tract is a natural habitat for a dynamic and highly competitive microbial community, which constantly contacts with the intestinal epithelial cells
We developed an ELISA measurement to test the existence of anti-AvrA antibody in mice post Salmonella infection
We could see the significantly increased Optical density (OD) value of anti-AvrA antibody in the mice post infection 27 week in inflammation model (Figure 1A)
Summary
The gastrointestinal tract is a natural habitat for a dynamic and highly competitive microbial community, which constantly contacts with the intestinal epithelial cells. Seroepidemiologic studies have revealed that non-typhoid Salmonella infection is much higher (~600 times) than reported [4], ranging from 56 per 1000 person-years in Finland to 547 in Poland [5] and rising over years [6]. It has been well recognized long-standing Salmonella infection increases the risk of gallbladder cancer [7,8,9]. Evidence directly supporting an association between Salmonella infection and colorectal cancer in human subjects is sparse
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