Presence of pressure ulcer prevention methods used among patients considered at risk versus those considered not at risk

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined pressure ulcer-prevention strategies available for patients considered at risk versus those considered not at risk. Design: The study used a prospective, longitudinal design. Setting and Subjects: Six hundred ninety-four patients from units of five acute care hospitals, a rehabilitation facility, and two nurses' home care caseloads participated in the investigation. Instruments: Data-collection instruments included the Braden Scale for risk assessment, demographic information, and the Pressure Ulcer-Prevention Strategies tool, which assessed for the presence of 16 pressure ulcer-prevention strategies. Methods: All patients admitted to a participating unit during a 2-month period were followed up until discharge. Depending on the site, patients were assessed for the presence of pressure ulcer-prevention strategies one to three times per week. Results: Patients in the at-risk group versus those in the not-at-risk group were more likely ( p < 0.01) to have the head of the bed in a low position, a pressure-reducing bed surface, pressure ulcer prevention charted, a positioning wedge, incontinence cleanser and ointment, heel protection, a prevention care plan, a trapeze, and a posted turning schedule. The at-risk group had significantly ( p < 0.01) more prevention strategies present than did the not-at-risk group. However, the percentage of patients placed on a pressure ulcer-prevention program was low for both groups. Conclusions: Pressure ulcer prevention was evident for the at-risk group, but at a low rate. Institutions must continue to explore this critical area affecting patient outcomes.