Presence of Plasticizer Di-2(ethylhexyl)phthalate in Primed Extracorporeal Circulation Circuits

Abstract

Many centers advocate the use of a standby wet-primed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit for rapid deployment during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, concerns with regard to the potential health hazards associated with the release of the plasticizer di-2(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing exist. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of DEHP release from a preprimed ECMO circuit and to evaluate the effect of PVC tubing coatings on DEHP release. Seven circuits including three uncoated (Medtronic, Medtronic with albumin, and Medtronic Super Tygon) and four attenuated surfaces (Carmeda, COBE Smart, Medtronic Trillium, and Terumo x-coated) were primed with Plasmalyte A. Samples of the circuit prime were collected over a period of 2 weeks and were analyzed for DEHP, using gas chromatography. Results were compared by using a two-tailed t test. One coated (Carmeda) and all three uncoated circuits leached DEHP. The greatest amount of leaching occurred in the uncoated Medtronic tubing with albumin. The COBE Smart, Medtronic Trillium, and Terumo x-coated circuits had undetectable amounts of DEHP (p = 0.006 vs Medtronic uncoated). Prepriming an ECMO circuit composed of uncoated PVC tubing is associated with DEHP release. Using coated PVC tubing appears to eliminate DEHP release over a 2-week period.