Abstract
Oenococcus oeni, the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) mainly responsible for malolactic fermentation, has been repeatedly isolated from wines, but hardly ever from grapes. In this study, a large survey of autochthonous LAB from the Catalan wine region of Priorat was made. A total of 761 LAB isolates, 254 from Grenache and Carignan grape berries and 507 from wines, were identified and typed. Around 70% of the isolates were O. oeni, mostly from wines, but remarkably, 53 of them were isolated from grapes. A minimum spanning tree of O. oeni strains constructed from the multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis showed considerable phylogenetic diversity. Other non-Oenococcus species were also identified and typed, Lactobacillus plantarum being predominant in grapes. Other LAB isolates were Pediococcus pentosaceus, Fructobacillus tropaeoli, L. mali, L. lindneri and L. sanfranciscensis. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis was also carried out with grape samples, and Oenococcus and Lactobacillus were detected in significant quantities, which corroborates the culturing results from the same samples.
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