Presence of Males Within Laying Hens Affects Tonic Immobility Response and Sociality

Abstract

Fear can be a damaging factor, resulting in poor production and impaired animal welfare. Often fear reactions are elicited in situations that are in some way related to predator defense. As males have a guarding role, mixing the sexes might be a way of reducing fear in flocks of laying hens. Tonic Immobility (TI) is anti-predator behaviours shown by poultry and has been used in behavioural studies to measure the level of fear or stress. A runway test was used in many studies to measure level of sociality in poultry. The effect of males on duration of TI and sociality in female laying hens was studied. ISA Brown and Lohmann Tradition lines were used in each treatment. The treatments were: 1Female hens and males mixed in a ratio of 1 male to 10 females; 2All female hens. The presence of males had an effect (p<0.05) on TI-duration and Emergence Time (ET) and Social Reinstatement Time (SRT); females in the mixed-sex groups had shorter TI-duration and showed shorter latency to emerge from the start box and quicker to reinstate with a companion bird than females in the all-female groups. These results indicate that female laying hens show less signs of fear and higher level of sociality if the flock contains males.