Abstract
Ubiquitous presence of cypermethrin as a contaminant in surface stream and soil necessitates to develop potential bioremediation methods to degrade and eliminate this pollutant from the environment. A cypermethrin utilizing bacterial strain (MIC, 450 ppm) was isolated from the soil of pesticide contaminated agriculture field and characterized by using polyphasic approach. On molecular basis bacterial isolate showed 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis strain 1D. Under optimized growth conditions, bacteria showed 95% degradation of cypermethrin after 15 days and the end products of cypermethrin biodegradation under aerobic conditions were cyclododecylamine, phenol, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl 2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate,1-decanol,chloroacetic acid, acetic acid, cyclopentan palmitoleic acid, and decanoic acid. Amplification of esterase (700 bp) and laccase (1200 bp) genes was confirmed by PCR which showed a possible role of these enzymes in biodegradation of cypermethrin. In the presence of cypermethrin Km value(s) of both the enzymes was low than the control. A nobel cypermethrin degradation pathway followed by B. subtilis was proposed on the basis of characterization of biodegraded products of cypermethrin using GC-MS. Cypermethrin biodegradation ability of Bacillus subtilis strain 1D without producing any toxic end product reveals the potential of this organism in cleaning of pesticide contaminated soil and water.
Highlights
Cypermethrin belongs to a group of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides which are analogous of naturally occurring pyrethrins of botanical origin
Bacillus subtilis strain 1D isolated in the present study almost completely metabolized cypermethrin in[15] days under laboratory conditions
Metabolism of cypermethrin a bacterial same strain is of vital importance because cypermethrin possess antimicrobial activities it prevents the beneficial microflora of the soil
Summary
Cypermethrin belongs to a group of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides which are analogous of naturally occurring pyrethrins of botanical origin. It is widely used in agriculture, forestry, Horticulture, public health and house holds for the protection of textiles and to check pest infestation[1,2,3,4]. Target pesticide acts as a sole source of carbon and energy for the growth of microorganisms which utilize toxic compounds by producing desired enzymes. The specificity of these enzymes involving xenobiotic compounds differs from one microorganism to another. The present work is very significant in order to degrade the xenobiotic or toxic chemicals into nontoxic end product within a short period of time via ecofriendly and economically
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