Abstract
BackgroundNoroviruses are important enteric pathogens in humans and animals. Recently, we reported a novel canine norovirus (CaNoV) in dogs with diarrhea belonging to a new genogroup (GVI). No data are available on exposure of humans to this virus.MethodsSera from 373 small animal veterinarians and 120 age-matched population controls were tested for IgG antibodies to CaNoV by a recombinant virus like particle based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAntibodies to CaNoV were found in 22.3% of the veterinarians and 5.8% of the control group (p < 0.001). Mean corrected OD450 values for CaNoV antibodies were significantly higher in small animal veterinarians compared to the control group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CaNoV may infect humans and small animal veterinarians are at an increased risk for exposure to this virus. Additional studies are needed to assess if this virus is able to cause disease in humans.
Highlights
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis in humans with worldwide an estimated 1 million hospitalizations and up to 200,000 deaths in children < 5 years of age each year [1,2]
Canine NoVs (CaNoVs) genetically related to GIV have been reported in Italy, Greece and Japan [10,11,12,13], whereas viruses belonging to a proposed new genogroup (GVI) were found in fecal samples from dogs with diarrhea in Portugal and Italy [9,14,15,16]
The mean corrected OD450 values for CaNoV antibodies was significantly higher in veterinarians than in controls (p < 0.001) (Figure 1)
Summary
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis in humans with worldwide an estimated 1 million hospitalizations and up to 200,000 deaths in children < 5 years of age each year [1,2]. Gnotobiotic pigs have been experimentally infected with a human NoV strain [4], and Noroviruses are a group of non-enveloped, singlestranded, RNA viruses with an icosahedral capsid symmetry classified into the genus Norovirus of the family Caliciviridae. They can be grouped in at least 5 different genogroups (designated GI-GV) [1,9]. Canine NoVs (CaNoVs) genetically related to GIV have been reported in Italy, Greece and Japan [10,11,12,13], whereas viruses belonging to a proposed new genogroup (GVI) were found in fecal samples from dogs with diarrhea in Portugal and Italy [9,14,15,16]. No data are available on exposure of humans to this virus
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