Abstract
As a result of extensive use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products, significant amounts of ENMs are eventually released to the environment and find their way to wastewater treatment plants, incineration plants and landfills. Recent concerns about the potential impacts of these materials on the environment and human health, have diverted researchers’ interest to investigate the behaviour of inorganic, metallic/metal oxide ENMs in conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment and anaerobic sewage sludge digestion systems. However, related information about the presence and fate of such ENMs during waste stabilization in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills which remains a widely used method of solid waste management, is scarce in literature. Therefore, in this paper, recent information about the detection methods and fate of the most commonly used metal oxide ENMs such as TiO2, ZnO, Ag and SiO2 in MSW landfills was revealed. The complexity of the factors influencing ENMs retention and transport mechanisms was discussed. Future research needs relating to the fate of ENMs in MSW were also identified.
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