Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a major disease burden affecting approximately 26 million people worldwide. The foundation of HFrEF treatment and mortality reduction is a ‘triple therapy’ backbone with a heart failure-specific beta-blocker, a renin-angiotensin system antagonist and a mineralocorticoid antagonist. Recent studies have expanded our options to include angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. SGLT-2 inhibitors have been made available on authority prescription on Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) for patients with HFrEF with moderate left ventricular dysfunction with NYHA class II, III, or IV symptoms as an add-on therapy to optimal standard chronic heart failure treatment.
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