Prescription Pattern of Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rural Karnataka

Abstract

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition that affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. The complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia presents various challenges for researchers and doctors. Therefore, it is crucial to curate robust pharmacotherapy for patients with schizophrenia to ease their symptoms. Establishing proper standards for patient care requires an ammunition of research studies done on the disease and its therapy, upon which health-care practitioners can rely for future patient care. Unfortunately, there is a void of adequate research studies done on understanding the prescription patterns of schizophrenia in India, especially in rural areas. To improve patient outcomes, there is a need for increased research on this particular subject. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prescription pattern of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia at a tertiary care hospital in rural Karnataka. Setting and Design: This is an observational study carried out in MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, India. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 139 inpatients, regardless of their age and sex, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months, from February 2022 to July 2022. Data collection involved a case record form (CRF) designed for assessing treatment patterns. An investigator was assigned to the Department of Psychiatry, where patients with schizophrenia were discovered and after reviewing their medication chart, necessary data were filled into the CRF. The obtained data were then compiled and assessed. Results: Paranoid schizophrenia was the major subclass (90.0%). The prescription pattern showed that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were prescribed more than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), 112 (81.29%) and 41 (29.5%) prescriptions, respectively. In SGAs, tablet olanzapine received the most prescriptions which was 42 (30.22%). Tablet haloperidol was the major FGA to be prescribed receiving 18 prescriptions (12.95%). This study also included the assessment of combination drugs which showed that tablet risperidone + tablet trihexyphenidyl was the most prescribed combination drug 118 (78.43%). Conclusion: Our study showed that our findings aligned with several similar studies and also differed from a few, underscoring the need for further research and individualized treatment approaches to manage this complex psychiatric disorder.