Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in general and a broad spectrum of cardiac rhythm disorders (including atrial fibrillation [AF]) in particular. Although there are treatment options for many of these disorders, management is often more complex and more restricted in a CKD setting than in a non-CKD setting.1 The risk-benefit ratio for oral anticoagulants is particularly difficult to judge in CKD patients, because of increased risks of both thromboembolic episodes and bleeding events.
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