Prescribing nonopioids in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

Abstract

PurposeWe searched for factors independently associated with the prescription of multimodal (balanced) analgesia in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of a cohort study, 172 patients who received a combination of 1 opioid with nonopioids, that is, paracetamol and/or nefopam, (multimodal analgesia), were compared with 302 patients who received opioid only on day 2 of their stay in the intensive care unit. ResultsPatients given multimodal analgesia were more likely to have fewer organ failures and received fewer hypnotics compared with patients who received opioid only. They self-reported more frequently their pain level. There were no differences in the daily dose of opioids between the 2 groups. A low illness severity score, no more than 1 organ failure on day 2, the ability to self-rate pain, and a moderate-to-severe pain rated on day 2 were factors independently associated with the prescription of multimodal analgesia on day 2 (all P < .01). ConclusionsIn mechanically ventilated patients, the addition of nonopioids to opioids is mostly prescribed for patients with lower illness severity scores and who are able to self-rate their pain intensity. These findings suggest that the concept of multimodal analgesia must be promoted in the intensive care unit.