Abstract
Objective: Obesity is one of the important health problem for developed and developing countries. Due to literature some obesity related factors may trigger the tumor formation. For tumor development, tumoregenic cell and tissue needs to oxygen and nutrients. Once the tumor has developed, it stimulates the angiogenesis by producing chemical signals and grows by supplied oxygen and nutrients with newly formed vessels. Aim of this study is to compare some angiogenic factors before and after surgery which will supply more information about the link between the cancer and obesity. Material and Methods: Serum samples were obtained before and 48 hours after surgery. Adrenomedullin, vascular endothelial growth factor, hipoxia inducible factor1-α and matrix metallo proteinase-2 levels were investigated in cancerous and noncancer patients. Angiogenic factors were assayed by ELISA method. Results: Higher levels of angiogenic factor were detected in cancer tissues more than in non-cancer tissues, in pre-obese and obese patients. It is seen that in humans, in post-operated patients angiogenic factors are higher in obese individuals, while non-cancer patients are also higher in obese groups and angiogenic factors which stimulate angiogenesis. Conclusion: In the treatment of cancer, as defined previously the anti-angiogenic factors should be considered and applied as epigenetic phenomen. Due to our finding cancer related elevated angiogenic and growth factor biochemicals had been also increased in obes population and in cancer patients with surgical intervention. In the light of literature and our findings, instead of drugs, radiation therapy or surgery, which have many side effects in the treatment of cancer, we need to focus to this epigenetic phenomen for cancer patients. In general, we can say that both obesity and surgical applications lead to an increase in angiogenic factor levels, and that the healing process of wounds causes a marked increase in angiogenic factor levels
Highlights
Vessel formation is a process which starting with embryonic stage and is an ongoing process in a healthy state and in disease states such as cancerogenous
It is seen that in humans, in post-operated patients angiogenic factors are higher in obese individuals, while non-cancer patients are higher in obese groups and angiogenic factors which stimulate angiogenesis
Due to our finding cancer related elevated angiogenic and growth factor biochemicals had been increased in obes population and in cancer patients with surgical intervention
Summary
Vessel formation is a process which starting with embryonic stage and is an ongoing process in a healthy state and in disease states such as cancerogenous. Vessel formation, that is, angiogenesis, is caused by the sprouting of new blood vessels from endothelial precursor cells. Angiogenesis is necessary for many processes such as wound healing, growth, sex hormone releasing and formation of vessel tissue during pregnancy [2,3]. Tissue hypoxia causes sprouting angiogenesis and budding of a new capillary sprout laterally from a preexisting vessel [4,5]. Vasculogenesis is de novo formation of blood vessels from endothelial cell procursors [6]. The World Health Organization defines obesity as an accumulation of excess fat tissue that causes a risk to health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO 1998) [7], individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30 evaluates as obese.
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