Abstract
Secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides are the main active components of Gentianae radix. In this work, one iridoid and three secoiridoid glycosides from Gentianae radix have been purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography in two runs using different solvent systems. Ethyl acetate–n-butanol–water (2:1:3, v/v/v) was the optimum solvent system to purify ca. 4.36 mg of loganic acid, 3.05 mg of swertiamarin, and 35.66 mg of gentiopicroside with 98.1%, 97.2% and 98.6% purities, respectively, while 31.15 mg of trifloroside with 98.9% purity was separated using hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:3:1:3, v/v/v/v). The structures of the glycosides were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR. After separation, the anti-nitric oxide production effects of the compounds on lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 murine microglial cells were also evaluated. All of the compounds inhibited the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells with high cell viabilities in a concentration-dependent manner, which demonstrated that were able to be used as a nitric oxide inhibitor.
Highlights
Gentianae radix, the root and rhizome of Gentiana scabra Bunge, is officially listed as “Longdan”in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [1]
Secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides, such as gentiopicroside [3], swertiamarin [4], loganin [5], and loganic acid [6], are the major bioactive components of G. radix and secoiridoid glycosides directly related to its bitterness
Several elution systems were tested for the HPLC separation of S1 and S2 (the extract of Gentianae radix was further extracted by distilled water and ethyl acetate (1/1, v/v), the concentrated water fraction was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give sample 1 (S1 ) and ethyl acetate fraction was dried up to give sample 2 (S2 )), such as gradient elution of methanol/water, acetonitrile/water, and methanol/acetonitrile/water
Summary
The root and rhizome of Gentiana scabra Bunge, is officially listed as “Longdan”in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [1]. Secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and have been extensively studied for their various pharmacological functions, such as hepatoprotective effects [7,8], muscle relaxing activity [9], analgesic activities [10], and anti-diabetic effects [11]. Due to these significant bioactivities, large quantities of pure compounds are urgently needed as reference standards and for various in vitro and in vivo studies related to the use of secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides. There is no irreversible adsorption to the column
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