Abstract
This article reviews the synthesis, structural and optical characterizations of some novel luminescent two dimensional organic-inorganic perovskite (2DOIP) semiconductors. These 2DOIP semiconductors show a self-assembled nano-layered structure, having the electronic structure of multi-quantum wells. 2DOIP thin layers and nanoparticles have been prepared through different methods. The structures of the 2DOIP semiconductors are characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the 2DOIP semiconductors are characterized from absorption and photoluminescence spectra measured at room and low temperatures. Influences of different components, in particular the organic parts, on the structural and optical properties of the 2DOIP semiconductors are discussed.
Highlights
Two dimensional organic-inorganic perovskites (2DOIPs) are a wide class of materials, with general chemical structures (R-NH3 )2 MX4 or (H3 N-R-NH3 )MX4, where R is an organic group, M a divalent metal, and X a halogen (Cl−, Br−, I− )
We have recently demonstrated the strong coupling of the excitons in 2DOIPs with the photon modes in two different configurations: a Fabry-Perot microcavity [7,8,9], and surface plasmons [10,11]
We have experimentally observed that the spin coated PhE-PbI4 films on 4-aminobenzenethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified metal surface are more homogeneous than on unmodified surface probably due to the hydrogen bonds between the amino groups and the perovskite
Summary
Two dimensional organic-inorganic perovskites (2DOIPs) are a wide class of materials, with general chemical structures (R-NH3 ) MX4 or (H3 N-R-NH3 )MX4 , where R is an organic group, M a divalent metal (such as, Pb2+ , Sn2+ , Ge2+ , Cu2+ , Ni2+ , Mn2+ , Fe2+ , Co2+ , Eu2+ ), and X a halogen (Cl− , Br− , I− ). The optical properties of the 2DOIPs are generally decided by the inorganic layers. The first step is to transform amine to ammonium salt by reacting with hydrogen halide (HX), R-NH2 + HX ⇒ R-NH2 · HX (1). Amines (monoamine R-NH2 or diamine H2 N-R-NH2 ) can be transformed to ammonium salts by reacting with hydrogen halide (HX, X = Cl, Br, and I) This reaction is described by Equation 1. Gaseous HCl can be obtained by dropping concentrated H2 SO4 solution gingerly on NaCl powder, this reaction is friendly. Ammonium salts R-NH2 ·HX and semiconductors MX2 are dissolved in a solvent in stoichiometry of. The choice of the solvent is an important issue for the solution based preparation method of 2DOIP crystals. Water is generally able to dissolve the ammonium salts R-NH2 ·HX, but not the MX2 semiconductors. PhE-PbBrx Cl4−x semiconductors, whose emission energy depends on x, as it will be described in details in paragraph 4.1
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