Abstract
Purpose: Propolis is a resinous material obtained by honeybees with many biological and pharmacological properties which can be used for treatment of various diseases. Current study aims to formulate and characterize propolis-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) carrier system. Methods: The prepared SLNs, composed of glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Soy lecithin, Tween 80 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), were fabricated employing solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. In addition, the impact of several variables including concentration ratios of GMS/Soy lecithin and PEG 400/Tween 80 along with emulsification time were evaluated on the size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of particles. SLN formulations were optimized using Box-Behnken design. The particles were freeze dried and morphologically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in-vitro release profile of propolis entrapped in the optimized nanoparticles was investigated. Results: The mean particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) of optimized propolis-loaded SLNs were found to be 122.6±22.36 nm, 0.28±0.06, -26.18±3.3 mV, 73.57±0.86% and 3.29±0.27%, respectively. SEM images exhibited nanoparticles to be non-aggregated and in spherical shape. The in-vitro release study showed prolonged release of propolis from nanoparticles. Conclusion: The results implied that the proposed way of SLN preparation could be considered as a proper method for production of propolis loaded colloidal carrier system.
Highlights
Natural products are considered to be potential sources of various pharmaceutical compounds
The impact of several variables including concentration ratios of glyceryl monostearate (GMS)/Soy lecithin and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400)/Tween 80 along with emulsification time were evaluated on the size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of particles
The aim of the present study was to prepare propolisloaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) intended for topical delivery and to optimize the formulation of the nanoparticles employing the Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM)
Summary
Natural products are considered to be potential sources of various pharmaceutical compounds. Honeybees are capable of making propolis as a natural resinous product by combining resins gathered from the fissures of the tree bark and leaf buds with their waxes and salivary secretions.[1] Propolis has been utilized broadly in traditional medicine throughout the history. Several researches have been carried out on identification of the composition, medical applications and biological properties of propolis.[2] It is employed in cosmeceuticals, either in combination with other natural products or in pure form, and as a constituent of nutritious foods.[3] Propolis is a lipophilic material that is hard and breakable in cold temperatures, but by increasing temperature, it converts to a soft, flexible and very adhesive substance.[4] This natural product possesses many biological and pharmacological properties; for instance, immunomodulatory,[5,6] anti-tumor,[7,8] antiinflammatory,[9] anti-oxidant,[10,11,12] anti-bacterial,[13,14] antiviral,[15,16] anti-fungal,[17,18] and anti-parasite[19,20] effects
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