Abstract
Eupatorium adenophorum is widely distributed throughout the world’s tropical and temperate regions. It has become a harmful weed of crops and natural environments. Its leaves contain bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid and may be used as feed additives. In this study, chlorogenic acid was extracted and separated from leaves of E. adenophorum. Three chlorogenic acid products were prepared with different purities of 6.11%, 22.17%, and 96.03%. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that the main toxins of sesquiterpenes were almost completely removed in sample preparation procedure. The three products were evaluated for safety via in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. All the products exhibited no cytotoxic effects at a dose of 400 μg/mL in an in vitro cell viability assay. When administered in vivo at a single dose up to 1.5 g/kg bw, all three products caused no signs or symptoms of toxicity in mice. These results encourage further exploration of extracts from E. adenophorum in feed additive application.
Highlights
Eupatorium adenophorum (Crofton weed), an erect perennial weed native to Mexico, is widely distributed from tropical to temperate regions such as America, Australia, South Africa, Europe, China, and India [1,2]
The results indicate that the products with different purities of chlorogenic acid (EA-1, EA-2, and EAresults indicate that the products with different purities of chlorogenic acid (EA-1, EA-2, and EA-3)
In this paper, three chlorogenic acid products were prepared from E. adenophorum with the different purities of 6.11%, 22.17%, and 96.03%
Summary
Eupatorium adenophorum (Crofton weed), an erect perennial weed native to Mexico, is widely distributed from tropical to temperate regions such as America, Australia, South Africa, Europe, China, and India [1,2]. The leaves of the plant are used to treat fever, diabetes, and inflammation by Nigerian traditional medicine [3]. In India, the plant is used in folk medicine for its antimicrobial, antiseptic, blood coagulating, analgesic, and antipyretic properties [4]. Phytochemical investigations of E. adenophorum have led to the isolation of several bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides from E. adenophorum leaves have immunomodulatory properties and a potential prophylactic effect against H5N1 influenza infection [5]. Flavonoids from E. adenophorum have antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivities [6,7]. The essential oil extracted from aerial parts of the plant possesses insecticidal and antibacterial properties [4,8]
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