Abstract
In recent years, close attention has been paid to microbial flocculants because of their advantages, including safety to humans, environmental friendliness, and acceptable removal performances. In this review, the preparation methods of microbial flocculants were first reviewed. Then, the performances of bioflocculants in the removal of suspended solids, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants from various types of wastewater were described and commented, and the removal mechanisms, including adsorption bridging, charge neutralization, chemical reactions, and charge neutrality, were also discussed. The future research needs on microbial flocculants were also proposed. This review would lead to a better understanding of current status, challenges, and corresponding strategies on microbial flocculants and bioflocculation in wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Advances in science and technology have increased productivity
One of the main difficulties in wastewater treatment is that particles dispersed in water cannot be effectively separated due to their solidification stability and sedimentation stability [8]
Experiments proved that the microbial flocculant has a better treatment effect on the food wastewater, and with flocculation recycling being biodegradable, no second pollution was formed
Summary
Advances in science and technology have increased productivity. every coin has two sides. With the growth of population and the development of science and technology, more water is consumed in daily life and production, and more wastewater is generated. In recent years, both from the perspective of production requirements and environmental requirements, wastewater treatment has been an important part that cannot be ignored [7]. The flocculants mainly include inorganic flocculants, organic polymer flocculants, and microbial flocculants (MBF) [9]. Inorganic flocculants can be divided into two systems of iron and aluminum, which have a good treatment effect on suspended solids and colloidal particles; organic polymer flocculants are mainly polyacrylamide and their derivatives, which have good treatment effects on suspended solids and. Microbial flocculant, which mainly refers to the microorganisms and their metabolites, has the advantages of being effective, low-cost, and a security extensive source [15,16]
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