Abstract
To improve the hydroquinone (HQ) determination limit in wastewater and contribute to the comprehensive utilization of lignin, a zinc oxide-loaded lignin-based carbon fiber (ZCF) was prepared by a combination of electrospinning and thermal treatment processes, and was applied in electrocatalytic oxidation of HQ using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The characterization of composites was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The CV curves demonstrate that a ZCF-modified electrode can efficiently enhance the electrochemical signal and provide a fast response to HQ with a linear range from 1 × 10−6 to 5 × 10−3 mol/L and a determination limit of 2.5 × 10−7 M. Compared with modification materials reported in other literature, it performs excellent. In addition, the effect of the scan rate and the stability of modified materials were also investigated to illustrate the electrochemical behavior on HQ determination. Under optimum conditions, the ZCF-modified electrode was also used for the simultaneous determination of HQ, catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS), which could well separate the oxidation peaks of the three isomers.
Highlights
Due to the high toxicity and low degradability of hydroquinone (HQ) in cosmetic materials, dyes, pesticides, and the environment, the determination sensitivity of HQ is of great significance in the field of environmental contaminant analysis
In the process of preparation of metal-based carbon fiber, the metal salt was directly added into the spinning solution; the fiber obtained from the electrospinning process was treated with pre-oxidation and carbonization processes
To illustrate the effect of textural characteristic of samples on the electrocatalytic oxidation of HQ, HQ, the zinc oxide-loaded lignin-based carbon fiber (ZCF) and CF were characterized by BET, and the results shown in Table 1 illustrate that the the ZCF and CF were characterized by BET, and the results shown in Table 1 illustrate that the sample sample CF affords a remarkable surface area and pore volume compared with the sample ZCF
Summary
Due to the high toxicity and low degradability of hydroquinone (HQ) in cosmetic materials, dyes, pesticides, and the environment, the determination sensitivity of HQ is of great significance in the field of environmental contaminant analysis. Guo [7] and his coworkers researched the simultaneous determination of HQ and catechol (CC) with an electrode modified by pyridinic nitrogen-doped grapheme, and the results demonstrated that this modified material has a good stability Another researcher fabricated a composite that combines a three-dimensional glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with one-dimensional. In order to obtain the apparent peak currents and well-separated peak potentials, researchers have combined carbon fiber and metal oxide particles and have fabricated a new composite for electrocatalytic oxidation of HQ [23]. The electrocatalytic performance of the electrode modified with a zinc oxide-loaded lignin-based carbon fiber (ZCF) on HQ was studied using the cyclic voltammogram (CV) method, and the influences of the hydroquinone concentration, scan rates, and the coexistence of its dihydroxybenzene isomers catechol (CC) and resorcinol (RS) were investigated at the zinc oxide-loaded carbon fiber-modified electrode
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