Abstract
Zn–TiO2–ZnO nanocomposites were obtained by pulse electrodeposition from non-suspended solutions containing ZnSO4·7H2O, TiOSO4·1–2H2O, sodium gluconate, and benzyldimethylphenylammonium chloride (BDPAC) without any particles. The surface morphologies, compositions, and crystalline structures of the electrodeposited nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). BDPAC inhibited the deposition of zinc, promoted dendritic growth in the electrodeposit, and provided a titanium content [Ti/(Ti+Zn)] of more than 8 atomic%. Furthermore, a titanium content of 35.9 atomic% was detected in the electrodeposit produced from the BDPAC solution with optimized ZnSO4·7H2O concentration, temperature, pH, and duty cycle of pulse current. XPS and SAED revealed that TiO2 and ZnO were included in the electrodeposit. The electrodeposit was comprised of zinc, anatase TiO2, and wurtzite ZnO, and the grain size was in the range of 10–15 nm.
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