Abstract
The present study was designed to prepare to wean food by replacing plant proteins with egg proteins. The weaning foods containing 14, 16 and 18% extruded soy proteins were replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% egg proteins using whole egg powder. Physicochemical analysis of raw material and weaned products, water activity, bulk density, in vitro study for protein digestibility, color analysis, microbiological analysis, and sensorial evaluation. Protein content significantly (p < 0.05) varied from 13.76% to 19.89% for formulated weaning foods with the highest value in T12. Treatment T5 and T11 exhibited minimum water absorption capacity (1.86 mL/g) and maximum (2.63 mL/g), respectively. Treatment T1 exhibited the highest (0.76 mL/g) values of bulk density, while the treatment T7 and T12 had the lowest values (0.69 mL/g). The maximum in vitro digestibility was observed in treatment T15 (83.8%) while the minimum (65.4%) was observed in treatment T1. The sensorial evaluation results for all the treatments are significantly (p < 0.05) varies with an overall acceptable score. Results indicate that the microbial loads also within acceptable limits. The weaning foods composite animal proteins can be a cost-effective and possible tool to overcome malnutrition among children in developing countries.
Highlights
World’s population increase by over 9 billion and almost ten million people are determined to be protein or energy malnourished (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012)
Complementary feeding starts when mother milk individually no longer adequate to satisfy the nutritional demands of infants
This study aims to formulate complimentary instant food from locally accessible, underutilized components which will provide the needed nutritional demand for infants and will be available and affordable to all mothers
Summary
World’s population increase by over 9 billion and almost ten million people are determined to be protein or energy malnourished (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012). Nutritionists and other scientists follow similar observations that animal and plant sources will play a more important role in fulfilling the increased future food and energy requirements worldwide (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012; Sass et al, 2020). The instant results of inadequate nutrition throughout these developmental years include significant delays in motor and mental growth and significant morbidity and mortality. This early stage of nutritional deficiency is associated with impairments in mind (Bernard et al, 2016; Martorell et al, 1994). Complementary feeding starts when mother milk individually no longer adequate to satisfy the nutritional demands of infants. In Pakistan, the most common forms of malnutrition are protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), vitamin A, iodine, and Iron deficiencies as recommended by UNICEF, 2014 responsible for about one-half of deaths among children under five years (World Health Organization, 2014)
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