Preparation of Titanium Nano Dental Implant Modified by Chitosan/Si Casein Kinase 2 Interacting Protein 1 and Its Adoption in Osteogenesis and Accelerated Osseointegration

Abstract

Casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (Ckip-1) is involved in bone metabolism. It was utilized to modify dental implants and its application prospects in the field of denture implants were analyzed. Chitosan (CS), as a gene carrier, forms a CS/siCkip-1 complex with Ckip-1 siRNA by means of electrostatic interaction. Pure titanium implants (PT) took hydrofluoric acid (HF) acid etching plus anodizing to form nano implants, which then formed alkali heat-treated nano-titanium (NTA) after being heated with NaOH solution. CS/siCkip-1 complex was loaded on the surface of NTA to form NTA-CS/siCkip-1 implants. Then, the prepared CS/siCkip-1 implants were characterized and their effects on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mes-enchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) were evaluated. In addition, a rat model of osteoporosis was established, and the effect of NTA-CS/siCkip-1 implants on early osseointegration was explored under osteoporotic conditions. NTA-CS/siCkip-1 implants were utilized in the clinical treatment of dental restoration, and its therapeutic effect in osteogenesis and dental integration was explored. The results showed that the NTA formed by alkali heating had a porous fibrous network structure. The composite was uniformly loaded on the surface of the NTA implant to form a siCkip-1 layer with a thickness of about 1,700 nm. There was no remarkable difference in the level of cell proliferation among NTA nano implants (NTA, NTA/CS, NTA-CS/siNC, and NTA-CS/siCkip-1) (P > 0.05). Moreover, siCkip-1 exerted RNA interference effect in cells and promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, collagen secretion, and extracellular matrix mineralization. The bone mechanical properties of the NTA-CS/siCkip-1 implant group were significantly superior to those of other NTA-grade material groups in the rat osteoporosis model (P < 0.05). Clinical trials revealed that the survival rate of prepared implants exceeded 99%, and the soft tissues around the implants were healthy and stable. Therefore, the implant can form good osseointegration with the alveolar bone.