Abstract
Water contamination by dyes discharged from many industries is an environmental issue of great matter. Electrochemical oxidation is an advanced approach for wastewater treatment. In this study, the composite electrodes of Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ni/rare earth have been modified using rare earth elements (Re) Gd, Ce, Eu, and Er and various molar ratios of tin and nickel intermediate layer, and their electrochemical oxidation effects were scrutinized. To analyze the decolorization performance of the electrodes, Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was utilized as a target pollutant. Accelerated life testing indicated that the longer service life could be observed in Ni (3.5%)/Re and Ni (5%)/ Re electrodes compared with other modified Ni (0%, 1%, and 2%)/Re electrodes. Compared with the color removal efficiencies of the Ni (2%)/Re electrodes, the decolorization rate of 90% after treatment for 60 min and the low energy consumption of 3.621 kW h·m−3 can be achieved at the Ni (2%)/Gd electrode under the experimental condition of 100 mg·L−1 RhB. The best decolorization rate was observed at the Ni (2%)/Re electrodes among other Ni and no adding Ni-doped Re electrodes. The characterization of the electrodes was described, consisting of surface morphology, oxygen evolution potential, and a crystallographic and elemental combination of the coatings.
Highlights
Pollution of water sources by wastewater from synthetic dye and textile industries is the main cause of water pollution since their released wastewater could contain continual organic dyes and harmful by-products
To decrease the observational duration, the accelerated service lifetime test was conducted at a stable current density of 1000 mA·cm−2 in a 1.0 mol·L−1 sulfuric acid solution at 40°C. e modified electrodes served as the anode (10 × 10 mm2) and a Ti sheet was employed as the cathode by spacing the electrodes adjusted to roundabout 10 mm. e cell potential is simultaneously noted constant time interval for evaluating electrode inactivation when the value reached 10.0 V
Compared with Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ni (2%)/Ce electrode (Figure 2(c)), the solidity of Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ni (0%)/Ce is not optimal, and some surfaces have a large number of deep cracks (Figure 2(a)). e loose cracks appear at the Ni (0%)/ Ce electrode surface match with the Ni (3.5%)/Ce electrode surface (Figure 2(d)) and Ni (5%)/Ce electrode (Figure 2(e)). us, the service life of the Ni (0%)/Ce electrode is not extended to reach the lifetime of these two electrodes. e smoothness and small crack size coating can increase the electrode surface area
Summary
Pollution of water sources by wastewater from synthetic dye and textile industries is the main cause of water pollution since their released wastewater could contain continual organic dyes and harmful by-products. E pollutants oxidized by the electrochemical processes have been accepted as an impressive method for decolorizing wastewaters and to degrade dyes because of their advantages: safety and ease to operate, wide scope of treatment conditions, and ecological similarity [11,12,13,14,15,16]. Four requirements have been needed to possess an excellent modified electrode: remarkable electrocatalytic activity, high oxygen evolution potential, excellent service life, and good conductivity [20]. Titanium-based SnO2-Sb is considered a suitable electrode material due to its higher OEP and superior electrochemical performance. The poor adhesion coating layer, easy detachment, short stability, and not high degradation achievement of the SnO2-Sb electrodes obstruct their widespread applications [21,22,23,24]. The poor adhesion coating layer, easy detachment, short stability, and not high degradation achievement of the SnO2-Sb electrodes obstruct their widespread applications [21,22,23,24]. e insertion intermediate layer between an active layer and the Ti base, Ti/TiHx/Sb-Sn [25], Ti/Cu-NRs/Sb-Sn [26], Ti/TiOxHy/
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
