Abstract
A three-dimensionally macroporous–mesoporous lithium ion sieve (3DM-H4Ti5O12) was transformed from 3DM-Li4Ti5O12 through washing with HCl solution, which was synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal and low-temperature calcination (600 °C) treatment, using polystyrene microarray as hard-template, and titanium isopropoxide and lithium acetate as co-precursors. The influence of HCl concentration and temperature on the deintercalation rate of Li and Ti from Li4Ti5O12 was specifically explored to maximize the extraction ratio of Li/Ti. The acceleration of Li extraction and insertion in a porous structure was verified using nonporous Li4Ti5O12 as a control. 3DM-H4Ti5O12 showed superior Li+ adsorption performance (5.51 mmol/g) compared with its nonporous counterpart (1.12 mmol/g), which was ascribed to the reduced Li+ mass transfer resistance in the highly interconnected porous channel. The ion selectivity of the 3DM-H4Ti5O12 lithium ion sieve followed the order of Li+ > Na+ ~ Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. The adsorption performance could be maintained after six cycles. The high adsorption capacity, excellent selectivity, and good recyclability demonstrate the prosperous potential application of 3DM-H4Ti5O12.
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