Abstract
The main objective of this study consists in the synthesis of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay doped with magnesium and aluminum in order to test the removal of phosphates and ibuprofen in water. Two different LDH composites are assessed: oven-dried (LDHD) and calcined (LDHC). Single adsorptions of phosphate and ibuprofen showed up to 70% and 58% removal in water, when LDHC was used. A poorer performance was observed for LDHD, which presented adsorption efficiencies of 52% and 35%, respectively. The simultaneous removal of phosphate and ibuprofen in water showed that LDHC allows a greater reduction in the concentration of both compounds than LDHD. Phosphate adsorption showed a close agreement between the experimental and theoretical capacities predicted by the pseudo-second-order model, whereas ibuprofen fitted to a first-order model. In addition, phosphate adsorption showed a good fit to an intraparticle diffusion model and to Bangham model suggesting that diffusion into pores controls the adsorption process. No other mechanisms may be involved in ibuprofen adsorption, apart from intraparticle diffusion. Finally, phosphate desorption could recover up to 59% of the initial concentration, showing the feasibility of the recuperation of this compound in the LDH.
Highlights
Phosphates are a critical element from a water quality point of view
We focus our study on two compounds of environmental relevance: on the one hand, phosphates, which are released in large quantities and cause significant environmental degradation problems, such as eutrophication; and, on the other hand, ibuprofen, as a representative element of pharmaceutical compounds, whose progressive release to the environment causes toxicity, poisoning, or adaptation to antibiotics, among other effects
Adsorption was lower for the LDH composites are assessed: oven-dried (LDHD), with average adsorption of 52.5% and no significant variations between treatments
Summary
Its concentration may be increased in water as a result of the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the catchment site, land uses, or the presence of point sources of contamination, such as the use of detergents or wastewater. Phosphates in water may come from erosive processes or lixiviation [1] or to anthropogenic inputs, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), detergents, organic fertilizers, or other wastes [2]. An excess of this compound favors the excessive oxygen consumption in water, initiating its depletion and a eutrophication process that can even cause an anoxic situation in water [2,3]. Phosphate sources to be controlled include the use of detergents, fertilizers, waste, and industrial effluents, among others
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