Abstract
Birch wood meal was phenolated in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst, by changing several reaction conditions, such as the phenol-to-wood ratio, temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and certain wood-related factors to make a novolak-type resin. A 2-5 phenol-to-wood ratio, a reaction temperature from 60°C to 150°C. a reaction time from 60-20 min, and a 1% to 3% acid concentration were optimal values for obtaining satisfactory amounts of combined phenol and smaller amounts of unreacted wood residue. The flow properties (flow temperature and apparent melt viscosity) of the phenolated wood thus obtained increased with increasing amounts of combined phenol, but decreased with increased moisture content and the amount of free phenol in the phenolated wood. Furthermore, the solubility of phenolated wood powders in organic solvents depended greatly on the hydrogen-bonding strength of the solvents.
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