Preparation of silver-exchanged heteropolyacid catalyst and its application for biodiesel production

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, the silver-exchanged heteropolyacids were prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly ion exchange method, were found to be active in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol to produce biodiesel. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), separately. The effect of various factors was investigated to optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that the oleic acid conversion can reach 91.3% after reacting for 3 h at 70°C, with oleic acid to methanol ratio of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst of 5 wt.%. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture and used repeatedly for five cycles with the oleic acid conversion over 50.1%, due to its relative stability. In particular, this catalyst can also catalyze other esterification of fatty acids with different chain length of carboxylic acid and high acid value non-edible oils, which may provide significant benefits for developing an environmentally benign and continuous process for synthesizing biodiesel in the future.