Abstract
Gel films with various pH indicators were prepared by the sol–gel method without catalysts. The obtained gel films showed good response for various pH solutions as optical pH sensors and no leaching of the indicators was observed. The feature of absorption spectra of the indicators in the gel films was almost the same as that in the aqueous solutions. pKa of the indicators in the gel films was shifted with the increase of the TMOS content in the starting solutions. These results suggest that the pH indicators in the gel films were trapped in similar environment as in the solutions.
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