Abstract
A spin-coating process was developed for the preparation of self-supporting ultrathin films of titania. First, an ultrathin layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was formed by spin coating on the surface of an ethanol-soluble polymer that had been preformed on the surface of a Si wafer as a polymer underlayer. Titanium tetrabutoxide [Ti(OnBu)4] in chloroform was then spin-coated onto the PVA layer. The polymer underlayer was dissolved in ethanol, and a self-supporting ultrathin PVA/titania composite film was finally detached from the substrate. Precursor mixtures of Ti(OnBu)4 and small organic molecules were similarly used to obtain self-supporting ultrathin PVA/(organic compounds + titania) composite films. The organic molecules could be removed from the ultrathin film under mild conditions such as aqueous ammonia extraction and low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment. Nanopores were formed by the O2 plasma treatment, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. When (4-phenylazo)benzoic acid was used ...
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